How to identify acrylic, polyester, spandex, nylon, and cotton?
Professional fiber fabric identification methods:
①Identification methods include hand feeling, visual inspection, combustion method, microscope method, dissolution method, drug coloring method and infrared spectroscopy method wait. In actual identification, it is often necessary to use multiple methods and obtain results after comprehensive analysis and research.
②The general identification steps are as follows:
A. First use the combustion method to identify natural fibers and chemical fibers.
B. If it is a natural fiber, use microscope observation to identify various types of plant fibers and animal fibers. If it is a chemical fiber, the differences in melting point, specific gravity, refractive index, solubility properties, etc. of the combined fiber can be distinguished one by one.
C. When identifying mixed fibers and blended yarns, you can generally use microscope observation to confirm that they contain several fibers, and then use appropriate methods to identify them one by one.
D. For dyed or finished fibers, dyeing stripping or other appropriate pretreatment is generally required first to ensure reliable identification results.
Non-professional, the general method mainly depends on the feel and burning method:
Acrylic: good fluffiness, fur feel.
It melts and burns close to the flame, melts and burns in the flame, burns and splashes quickly after leaving the flame, has a weak smell and fragrance, and the ash is hard and round, irregular or bead-shaped.
Polyester: Polyester has good strength, good anti-wrinkle, low price, generates static electricity and irritates the skin.
It melts and drips near the flame, bubbles in the flame, continues to burn, has a weak fragrance, and the ash is hard and round, black or light brown, and can be crushed.
Spandex: Spandex is more complex, and the differences between ingredients and content are subtle.
Confirm the proportion of polyester and cotton based on the ashes.
Nylon: Polyamide is strong, feels better than polyester, and has a higher price ratio. Most underwear fabrics are made of nylon.
Unpleasant odor, less gray, light brown hard ball.
Cotton: CottonC is soft to the touch, natural fiber, good at absorbing moisture, and comfortable to wear.
It burns immediately when the flame is near, and there is afterglow when it continues to burn, smelling of burning paper, and the ash is very few, soft, black or dark gray.
The difference between polyester and acrylic
1. Both are synthetic fibers among chemical fibers;
2. High strength and good wear resistance; widely used in clothing and industrial purposes
3. Poor air permeability, uncomfortable to wear when hot Comfortable and easy to generate static electricity.
Differences:
1. Different proportions. Polyester 1.38, nylon 1.14
2. Polyester fabric is not easy to wrinkle, is crisp, has good dimensional stability and good shape retention. Nylon has poor shape retention, is not as stiff as polyester, and is easily deformed.
3. The melting point of polyester is 260℃, and the ironing temperature can be 180℃. The heat resistance of nylon is not good enough, so the ironing temperature should be controlled below 140°C to have good low temperature resistance.
4. Nylon has high strength, good elastic recovery ability, excellent wear resistance, and better hygroscopicity and dyeability than polyester.
5. Polyester is resistant to sunlight, acid but not alkali. Nylon is alkali-resistant but not acid-resistant, and has poor light resistance. When exposed to sunlight for a long time, the fiber strength will decrease and the color will turn yellow.
6. Nylon weaving has a smoother feel and higher surface gloss. Clothing materials are mostly used in sportswear, swimwear, bodybuilding clothing, and socks.
7. Polyester fiber is the most produced synthetic fiber in the world. Polyester fabrics mainly include knitted shirts, work clothes, warp knitted decorations, curtains, etc., and imitation silk, imitation wool, imitation linen, and cotton wadding are also widely used. Polyester short yarn is often blended with cotton, wool, linen, viscose, etc. The fabric not only maintains the characteristics of polyester such as being strong, wear-resistant, crisp, and easy to store, but also has the characteristics of natural fibers such as moisture absorption, warmth retention, and low static electricity.
